Pink eye: Symptoms, causes and when to seek care

Pink eye, also called conjunctivitis, is a common eye condition that affects people of all ages. While it often starts as mild irritation, pink eye can be uncomfortable and, in some cases, contagious. Knowing the symptoms, understanding what causes pink eye and recognizing when to seek care can help protect your eye health and reduce the risk of spreading infection to others.

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What is pink eye?

Pink eye occurs when the thin, clear membrane lining the eyelid and covering the white part of the eye becomes inflamed. When this happens, small blood vessels become more visible, giving the eye a pink or reddish appearance.

Pink eye can have several causes. The most common cause is a viral infection, but it can also result from bacteria or allergies. In babies, blocked tear ducts may lead to similar symptoms. Because some forms of pink eye are contagious, early diagnosis and simple precautions can help limit its spread at home, school or work.

Common pink eye symptoms

Symptoms of pink eye can vary depending on the cause, but many people experience one or more of the following:

• Redness in one or both eyes
• Itching, burning or a gritty feeling
• Discharge that may cause the eyelids to stick together, especially overnight
• Excess tearing
• Sensitivity to light

Symptoms may start in one eye and spread to the other, particularly with viral or bacterial conjunctivitis. Allergic pink eye often affects both eyes at the same time and may occur along with sneezing or nasal congestion.

If you are unsure what is causing your symptoms, a healthcare professional can help determine whether treatment is needed.

When to seek urgent care for pink eye

Most cases of pink eye are mild and improve with basic care or time. However, some symptoms may signal a more serious eye condition and should be evaluated promptly.

Seek urgent care if you experience:

• Eye redness with pain
• A sensation that something is in the eye
• Blurred or reduced vision
• Increased sensitivity to light
• Symptoms that worsen or do not improve within 12 to 24 hours

People who wear contact lenses should stop wearing them as soon as symptoms begin. Continuing to wear contacts may increase the risk of complications.

How pink eye spreads and how to prevent it

Viral and bacterial pink eye can spread easily through direct contact. Good hygiene plays an important role in prevention.

Steps that can help reduce the risk of spreading pink eye include:

• Avoid touching or rubbing the eyes
• Wash hands often with soap and water
• Use clean towels and washcloths
• Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, washcloths or eye makeup
• Replace old eye cosmetics, including mascara
• Change pillowcases regularly

These steps are especially important in households with children, shared living spaces and workplaces where close contact is common.

Getting care for pink eye

Pink eye is common, but it should not be ignored. Understanding the symptoms, knowing when to seek care and taking steps to prevent spread can help protect your vision and the health of those around you.

If you think you may have pink eye, talking with a healthcare provider can help you understand what is causing your symptoms and what treatment, if any, is appropriate. In many cases, pink eye can be evaluated through a virtual visit.

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